Journal: Aging and Disease
Article Title: Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation with L-methionine Enhances Cognition through Hippocampal DNA Methylation and Neuroplasticity Mechanisms
doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0706
Figure Lengend Snippet: Protracted MET treatment and PrL DBS enhances neuroplasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis through the PKA-CaMKIIα-BDNF pathway. Representative Western blot images of neuroplasticity-associated proteins (A). Densitometric measurement by two-way ANOVA analysis of PSD95 (Treatment, p = 0.038; Stimulation, p = 0.01; Treatment x Stimulation, p = 0.01), SYP (p > 0.376), CREB (p > 0.369), pCREB (Treatment, p = 0.044) and pCREB/CREB ratio (Treatment, p = 0.074) showed enhanced neuroplasticity in MET and DBS animals (B). Representative Western blot images of proteins involved in memory neuroepigenetics (C). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant stimulation effect (p = 0.041) for DNMT3a, insignificant treatment (p = 0.071) and significant stimulation (p = 0.041) effects for CaN, and significant treatment (p = 0.022) and insignificant stimulation (p = 0.068) effects for BDNF. No difference in the pMeCP2/MeCP2 ratio was observed among all groups (p > 0.205) (D). Representative Western blot images of proteins involved in the intermediate pathways of CREB phosphorylation (E). Two-way ANOVA showed no changes in pERK/ERK ratio (p > 0.499), significant changes in pPKA/PKA ratio (treatment, p = 0.048; stimulation, p = 0.046) and pCaMKIIα/CaMKIIα ratio (Treatment, p = 0.006; Stimulation, p = 0.004). (F). Scatter plot displaying significant correlations between CaN and pCaMKIIα/CaMKIIα ratio in SAL-DBS and MET-DBS animals, indicating that the inhibition of CaN by PrL DBS was strongly associated with the activation of CaMKIIα in the hippocampus. All groups: n=9. (G). Neurogenesis quantification by flow cytometry analysis for BrdU. Scatter plot displaying a selection of nuclei stained with DAPI, subsequent gating for BrdU, and removal of events doubly stained for GFAP and NeuN. Quantification of all groups revealed a significant main effect of stimulation (p = 0.012). More BrdU-positive events were found in SAL-DBS and MET-DBS animals compared to SAL-SHAM animals (H). Scatter plot displaying significant positive correlations between BrdU-positive cell count and BDNF protein expression in MET-DBS animals. SAL-SHAM: n=6; SAL-DBS: n=10; MET-SHAM: n=7; MET-DBS: n=10. (I). *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; n.s., not significant. Data presented as mean ± s.e.m.
Article Snippet: Antibodies against PSD95 (1:1000, Cat# ab18258, Abcam), synaptophysin (1:1000, Cat# 5461, Cell Signaling Technology), CREB (1:1000, Cat# 9197, Cell Signaling Technology), pCREB (1:1000, Cat# 9198, Cell Signaling Technology), BDNF (1:1000, Cat# NB100-98682, Novus Biologicals), PKA C-α (1:1000, Cat# 4782, Cell Signaling Technology), pPKA C Thr197 (1:1000, Cat# 4781, Cell Signaling Technology), ERK1/2 (1:1000, Cat# 9102, Cell Signaling Technology), pERK1/2 T202/Y204 (1:1000, Cat# 9101, Cell Signaling Technology), CaMKIIα (1:1000, Cat# 3362, Cell Signaling Technology), pCaMKIIα Thr286 (1:1000, Cat# 12716, Cell Signaling Technology), MeCP2 (1:1000, Cat# NB600-1101, Novus Biologicals), pMeCP2 S421 (1:1000, Cat# NBP2-29524, Novus Biologicals), DNMT3a (1:1000, Cat# 3598, Cell Signaling Technology), Calcineurin A (1:1000, Cat# 2614, Cell Signaling Technology) and GAPDH (1:1000, Cat# 2118, Cell Signaling Technology) were used.
Techniques: Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Selection, Staining, Cell Counting, Expressing